Global+Problems+-+Social+Issues

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 Overpopulation is a serious problem that this world is faced with in this day and time. Overpopulation is a condition where an organism's numbers exceed the carrying capacity of its habitat.

If an environment has a population of 10 individuals, but there is food or drinking water enough for only 9, then in a closed system where no trade is possible, that environment is overpopulated.

Overpopulation can result from:


 *  an increase in births
 *  a decline in mortality rates due to medical advances
 *  an increase in immigration
 *  an unsustainable boost or reduction of resources


 *  Twenty-five years ago, the world’s population was growing by fifty million people per year.
 *  Today the annual addition has grown to nearly twice that number, and rising.
 *  This creates great challenges for the government, natural environment and the people who inhabit the land. Overpopulation is a scary reality as has been seen.

= = = =
 *  China is the world's largest and most populous country.
 *  At the dawn of this century there were some 426 million people living in China.
 *  Today the population is about 1.3 billion.
 *  About two-thirds of this 900 million increase was added within the last 50 years.
 *  The population has tripled since the People's Republic of China was grounded. The world's population is approximately 6.7 billion.
 *  Today Mainland China alone contributes to at least 20% of the world's population. One in every five people on the planet is a resident of China.

= = = = = = = __Population Distribution__ =  __China Population Density__
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> China’s population started to increase dramatically after World War II.
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> In 1949, Mao encouraged Chinese families to have as many children as possible.
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> The government thought the population increase would bring money to the country and help China produce more food, build a better army, develop water control, and establish communication systems.
 * [[image:http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/china_population_83.jpg width="476" height="458" align="center"]] ||
 * China Population Density ||


 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> The stats above basically show that China population is not proportionally distributed, some areas are have a high population density and some areas have a low population density.
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> China’s has a very high population density of 126 people per square kilometer.
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> The mountainous area does not support much of the people of the country.
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> There is booming population in metropolitan cities.

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> Overpopulation has advantages if the authorities can control it, or it will have many disadvantages.


 * = ===**<span style="display: block; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 255, 0); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left;"> Environment **===



||< ===<span style="display: block; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 22px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: left;"> Increase demand for food production ===


 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> If a society consists of many people, then the society will face impact from people.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> The people will suffer from a lack of natural resources; food, water, energy, and clean air.
 * <span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> When population increases, then natural resources should increase to perform people’s needs.

<span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **Water source**


 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Overpopulation demands an increase of agriculture, industry, and other areas that basically depend on water.
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Due to this there is an increase of water consumption. Water is not less important than food, so people need it for many vital uses.
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Water is also used by plants and animals to fulfill important functions. The use of water increases as long as human population increases. ||
 * = ===**<span style="display: block; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 255, 0); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left;"> Economy **===

||< <span style="font-size: 90%; color: rgb(0, 128, 0);"> **<span style="font-size: 15px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Unemployment **


 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Government will face many people without jobs to support themselves. This will raise the rate of unemployment.
 * <span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> This will also increase the rate of crime because the people will need to steal, fight, or even kill to get things they needs to survive. ||
 * = ===**<span style="display: block; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 255, 0); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left;"> Social Life **===

||< <span style="display: block; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 255, 0); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left;"> **<span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 22px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS';"> Crowed Areas ** ||< <span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 19px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **Corrupt Government**
 * <span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 19px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> People have migrated from rural places to urban areas searching for work, jobs, and a good life. Due to this the crowd of people will bring many social problems such as poverty and homelessness. ||
 * = ===**<span style="display: block; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 255, 0); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left;"> Political **===


 * <span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 19px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> The government can not control overpopulation because of this there will be noisy, crazy, and starving people nationwide.
 * <span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); line-height: 19px; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> For example, when a country has overpopulation, then those people will have many children. Those children will need schools, health care, and all important services or they will be homeless. ||

====__//<span style="display: block; font-weight: normal; font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-style: normal; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> Population Data of China //__====



<span style="display: block; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> Total Population (Current) 1,319,175,458 Birth Rate 16.57 per thousand Death Rate 6.51 per thousand Natural Increase Rate 10.06 per thousand Total Number of Births 20,380,000 per year


 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> If population increases, then factories, companies, shops, farms, and buildings will also increase.
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> China will export its culture through its immigrants.
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> China’s overpopulation will be useful to increase other country's populations.

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">

From 1950 to 1978, no action to reduce overpopulation was taken by the government.

If the government would have taken action earlier, as one historian predicted, China would be growing at a normal rate today. The economic and social life of the country would also be in a safer situation, and then China could also become an important country in global affairs.

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> In 1963, the average number of children born to a Chinese woman was 7.5. = =

=<span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; text-align: left;"> **__ One-Child Policy __** =


 * **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Established by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in 1979 to limit China's population growth **
 * **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Restricts the number of children married urban couples can have to one (One child per couple) **
 * **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Delayed marriage and delayed child bearing **
 * **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Fewer and healthier births **
 * **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> The policy is enforced through fines that are imposed based on the income of the family **
 * **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Parents with multiple births aren’t given the same benefits as parents of one child **
 * **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Parents have to pay money to the government in order to get permission to have another child **
 * **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Limit has been strongly enforced in urban areas, but varies from location to location **
 * **<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> In most rural areas, families are allowed to apply to have a second child if the first is a girl, or has a physical disability, mental illness, mental retardation. **

<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif;">

<span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> ** Exemptions for several cases: **


 * <span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **Rural couples**
 * <span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **Ethnic minorities**
 * <span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **Parents without any siblings themselves**
 * <span style="font-size: 15px; color: rgb(0, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **Approximately 35.9% of China's population is currently subject to the one-child restriction**


 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> India is the second most populous country in the world and by 2030 it is estimated that it will be the most populous overtaking China.
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> India does not have the large land mass that China has.
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> India has 2.4% of the world's land area and 16% of the world's population.
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> In the last 40 years, the Indian population has doubled. India's current population is 1.13 billion.
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> One person out of every 6 is Indian. This steep increase has severely influenced the fall of the standard of living.

**__<span style="display: block; color: rgb(0, 96, 255); font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: center;"> By 2030 India will be the most populous country __**


<span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 96, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> –Security when parents get older –Female children considered a liability
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 96, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Urban Poor – contribute most to population
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 96, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Urban Poor - maximum production of labor force
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 96, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Low income = more children (an inverse relationship)
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 96, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Desire for male children

=<span style="display: block; font-size: 99%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: Georgia,serif; text-align: left;"> =
 * 1) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">Inadequate fresh water **for drinking use as well as sewage treatment.**
 * 2) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">Depletion of natural resources**, especially fossil fuels. Increased levels of air pollution**
 * 3) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">**<span style="color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">Lack of infrastructure **<span style="color: rgb(173, 0, 0);"> to provide a rising standard of living for most of their people
 * 4) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">Global warming and **changes in atmospheric composition**
 * 5) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">Irreversible loss of arable land and **increases in desertification**
 * 6) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">Illegal (and legal) immigration **to the developed world on an unrecordable scale, creating political problems in Europe and the United States. Even the controlled and legal migration of talented and well-educated people from the Third World to the developed world cause problems.**
 * 7) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">High infant and child mortality**. High rates of infant mortality are caused by poverty. Rich countries with high population densities have low rates of infant mortality.**
 * 8) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">Increased incidence of hemorrhagic fevers and other **infectious diseases** **from crowding, lack of adequate sanitation and clean potable water, and scarcity of available medical resources.**
 * 9) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">Starvation and famine **is due to poverty. Rich countries with high population densities do not have famine, but not India though.**
 * 10) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">Poverty **as well as** inflation **in some regions and a resulting low level of capital formation. Poverty and inflation are due to bad government and bad economic policies.**
 * 11) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">Low birth weight **due to the inability of mothers to get enough resources. Low life expectancy in India with fastest growing populations.**
 * 12) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">Unhygienic living conditions **for many based upon water resource depletion, discharge of raw sewage and solid waste disposal.**
 * 13) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">Elevated crime rate **due to drug cartels and increased theft by people stealing resources to survive.**
 * 14) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">Conflict over scarce resources and **crowding, leading to increased levels of fighting****.**
 * 15) <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">**<span style="color: rgb(173, 0, 0); font-size: 90%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Over-utilization of infrastructure, such as mass transit, highways, and public health systems. **




 * <span style="display: block; font-size: 140%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> By: Sachin Kumar ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; display: block; font-size: 140%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0); text-align: center;">

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(239, 46, 46);"> = =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(239, 46, 46);"> = The world we live in is very different than the world of the past in terms of diseases and medicine. Modern medicine has improved drastically and has revolutionized social values and expectations. Disease has always been a part of human culture and history, and in the past mass epidemics have devastated huge numbers of people. In the past century, world organizations and governments have begun to take steps towards the eradication of diseases. Despite their effort and progress, there are still diseases that we have no cure for today, and are still claiming millions of lives. Also, the eradication of diseases is extremely expensive because of the time, resources, and manpower needed. However, there are several positive effects that come from the eradication of diseases as well. <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);"> ** =<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(239, 46, 46);"> =
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 128); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__//Smallpox//__ - Smallpox is an infectious disease unique to human beings. There are 2 different variants of smallpox, //Variola major// and //Variola minor//. The latter is a less serious form of the virus, with only a 1% death rate among its victims. Variola major however, is a much more serious case. This variant has a 30%-35% mortality rate among its victims, and 65%-80% of survivors are left with scars, and are often disabled.

Smallpox is thought to have originated around 3000 years ago in India or Egypt and has plagued human populations up till the 20th century. In the 20th century alone, smallpox has claimed 300-500 million lives. However, in 1979 the World Health Organization, or WHO confirmed the global eradication of smallpox. This was the first human infectious disease to be eradicated in history. This was achieved through extensive vaccination campaigns, and international efforts.

The costs of vaccinations are increasing and are difficult to maintain with the state of today's international economy. Also, many parents today are refusing to have their children vaccinated due to the possibility of them having autism, which is a severe mental disorder. Due to factors such as these, there is always the possibility of new outbreaks of this disease.

Also, there are smallpox samples held in laboratories and other scientific and medical institutions that are kept for research. There is a great controversy over whether or not to destroy these samples due to the threat of new outbreaks. Another dangerous potential is the possibility of an attack involving bioterrorism. People are afraid that hostile terrorist factions could get a hold of these samples and use it against citizens. <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0);">

<span style="color: rgb(0, 96, 255); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Poliomyelitis (Polio) - Polio is a disease which mainly affects children under the age of 5. 1 in every 200 who suffer from polio end up with irreversible paralysis, and 5%-10% of these people die from the immobilization of breathing muscles.

Since 1998, polio cases have decreased 99%. The number of reported cases decreased from 350,000 to 1997 in 2006. This has resulted from global efforts to eradicate the disease. There are only 4 countries in the world that are still polio-endemic, and they are Pakistan, India Nigeria, and Afghanistan. Persistent outbreaks of polio transmission in northern India, northern Nigeria and the border between Afghanistan and Pakistan are the current focus of the polio eradication initiative.

In 1988, the 41st World Health Assembly, consisting then of delegates from 166 Member States, began the campaign for the global eradication of polio, and this marked the launch of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, led by the WHO ( World Health Organization).

**

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> =
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> STDs are also known as VDs (venereal disease), and more recently the term STI (Sexually Transmitted Infection) has been preferred because a person with an infection may not show any symptoms, but can still pass on the disease to others. STDs are rather self explanatory. They are mainly contracted through sexual contact, although there are several exceptions. **

**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Syphilis **

 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Syphilis is passed from person to person through direct contact with a syphilis sore. Sores occur mainly on the external genitals, vagina, anus, or in the rectum. Sores also can occur on the lips and in the mouth. Transmission of the organism occurs during vaginal, anal, or oral sex. Pregnant women with the infection can pass it to the babies they are carrying. Syphilis cannot be spread through contact with toilet seats, doorknobs, swimming pools, hot tubs, bathtubs, shared clothing, or eating utensils. **

**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">HIV/AIDS **

 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> The HIV virus can be acquired through many ways, not just sexual contact. This virus can be acquired through blood to blood contact, sharing of hypodermic needles, or pregnant women with the virus can pass it on to their babies when they are born. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. What this virus does is, once it enters the human body, it then specifically attacks the human immune system, as suggested by its name, More specifically, it targets the T-Lymphocytes which are responsible for triggering the human immune system which then dispatches white blood cells to combat any infections. There are no symptoms of HIV, however after several years of its presence in the body, the human immune system will have been heavily weakened and the HIV infection then causes AIDS. AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, which progressively weakens the human immune system making the individual susceptible to various infections. Although modern medicine has the capability to slow the effects of the disease, there is currently no cure or vaccine for AIDS. AIDS is now a pandemic. In 2007, it was estimated that 33.2 million people lived with the disease worldwide, and that AIDS had killed an estimated 2.1 million people, including 330,000 children. Over t3/4 of these deaths were in sub-Saharan Africa, hindering economic growth and destroying human resources. **

**<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Chlamydia **
==
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> This infection is caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis, which has the potential to cause damage to a woman's reproductive organs. Symptoms of this infection are usually mild or absent, however, serious cases can cause irreversible damage, including infertility, and can occur silently because the woman is not aware of any problems. This bacterium can be contracted through sexual intercourse, oral sex, and childbirth. It is also the most frequently reported bacterium-caused STD in the United States. **

M<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">alaria is caused by a parasite called Plasmodium. Plasmodium enters the human body through the blood contact that occurs when an infected mosquito bites a human being. In the human body, the parasites multiply in the liver, and then infect red blood cells.

Symptoms of malaria do not usually occur for 10-15 days after infection. Symptoms include fever, headache, and vomiting. If not treated quickly, malaria can become life threatening. It cuts of red blood cell supplies to vital organs and disrupts homeostasis.

Although scientists have developed medicines to treat malaria infections, in many parts of the world, these parasites have developed immunity to these medicines and are a serious problem.

Currently, about 3.3 billion people on earth, (half of our current population) are at risk of contracting malaria. Every year, there are about 250 million cases of malaria, among these cases, about 100 million die. People living in poorer nations are at greater risk of contracting the parasite because of the lack of funds to implement nationwide control of this parasite. In Africa, malaria is the cause of 20% of all childhood deaths. Also, it is estimated that every 30 seconds a child dies from malaria.

=<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(0, 255, 255);"> = <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> A revolutionary achievement of modern medicine is the __//antibiotic.//__ Antibiotics are also known as chemotherapeutic agents. Their function is to inhibit, or kill the growth of bacteria. In the past, there were various kinds of bacterial infections that could cause severe sickness, such as strep throat, or even life threatening infections caused by bacteria such as staphylococcus. Modern antibiotics are capable of destroying these bacterial inf ections and have saved countless lives. However, like all other living organisms, bacteria are capable of adaptions and mutations. In a bacterial population, there are always individuals which by chance have developed mutations which render antibiotics useless, however these are almost always the minority. When antibiotics are administered, then the majority of bacteria without immunity to the antibiotic will be wiped out, leaving room for the antibiotic resistant strand to reproduce quickly and easily due the lack of existing competition.

Due to the misuse and overdose of antibiotics in past years, there have been more and more strands of antibiotic resistant bacteria, and this is unfortunately a very serious, and ever increasing problem all over the world.

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<span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Urbanization has been used ever since the start of the Neolithic Revolution. Throughout, history people developed news skills which helped out later on in their civilization or country's history. This change is known as urbanization that has being used due to the increase of population all over the world, creating new cities or towns.The most urbanization that happen in the world presently is in china and in the USA, which causes the overuse of eletricity which harms the earth and most of the energy is taken up by buildings made by the people in china, USA or anywhere in the world, where Business grow everday.

<span style="font-size: 120%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Like Shown in this picture of Toronto in the USA <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);">

<span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> The process of urbanization around the world can cause over populated cities and towns which could lead to seperation of families or families migrating out of there own country to get jobs. People prefer to live in urban areas due because in rural areas it is mostly farming jobs tha are owned by small families, and in rural areas it is diffuclut to improve one standard of living, so people move to different areas but the cost of living has forced people to live in low quality slums and real poor parts cities or towns.

media type="youtube" key="SMV22RmHnqQ" height="340" width="560" <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__<span style="font-size: 160%; color: rgb(255, 3, 0);">Causes: __ <span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">

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 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Urbanization occurs naturally due to the need of human corporations and due to the need of jobs by people all over socities in the world today. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">There are overuse of certain electronics in which new buisnesses show up which causes the production of new factories which there is need space for so people cut down forests or disturb nature which can cause global problems such as protestors and also the need for urbanization which means build up of cities and towns. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Urbanization can be a good thing in the society of the 21 century due to the need of jobs all over the world which means people who don't have jobs don't have an opprotunity to work and means homeless or unable to support your family. **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">These problems happen all over the world, the constant struggle for people to have homes and jobs is hard in rural place where there is not a lot of job opportunitys so poeple move urban places where there is suppose to be more jobs and a chance to get a better education. **

<span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(255, 0, 6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">__Effects__:
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Cities are known to be places where money, services and wealth are used most of the times. **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Cities are where fortunes are made and where social mobility is possible for people that were growing up in lower class family and later on in life they could get a better job by going to school. **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Businesses, which generate jobs are usually located in urban areas, whether the source is trade or tourism, it is also through the cities that foriegn money goes into a country. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">

<span class="mw-headline" style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Economic effects **

<span class="mw-headline" style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Environmental effects
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Urbanization is often viewed as a negative due to the mistreated workers who make little money due to the company hiring illegal immigrants or other workers willing to work for companyies in the city for $8-9 an hour. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Chicago_Downtown_Aerial_View.jpg width="358" height="254" caption="The City of Chicago, Illinois"]]

<span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">There could be the start new factories which means more pollution in the air which can cause many problems in the envirnment such as: radiation which can cause cancer and other diseases dealing with lung cancer. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%;">[[image:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/Urbanized_population_2006.png width="510" height="248"]]

Attempts to solve the urbanization problem around the world: **


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Not make any more large companies around the world and this would mean less pollution in the earth. **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">People protest for people not to cut down trees to save the environment and to stop the growth of urbanization around the world. **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">people also stop using as much hramful products that everyone uses which could be the computers **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">

<span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(128, 0, 0); font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">__Child Labor__ <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Console;">By: Alex Seminara <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;"> [] <span style="color: rgb(128, 0, 0); font-family: Lucida Console;"> <span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(128, 128, 0); font-family: 'Courier New',Courier,monospace;"> <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(128, 128, 0); font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">

<span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">That's Child Labor By:Katy

Imagine not being able to move In the same spot, In the same groove Not knowing when you'll be free Your heart is searching for a moment of glee That's Child Labor

Imagine not being able to eat 3 meals a day You never get a chance to play The money you make is less then a dollar Like you're hooked by a collar That's Child Labor

You feel like your life is over Like you will never find your 4-leaf clover There's nothing for you to remember But your work as a Child Laborer That's Child Labor

Don't worry you'll be free You'll see We are all helping you Just belive That's why we're here Don't fear That's why we're fighting Child Labor

By: Katy,7th Grade Smyrna Middle School,USA

<span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(128, 128, 0); font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;"> <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(128, 128, 0); font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">Africa ** <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Most of the children are under the age of 14 years old. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">They leave home to escape the severe poverty of their home areas. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">In almost all cases, according to some of the children who managed to return, they ended up in poorly paid jobs on plantations or in domestic service, often at great risk to their health, sometimes beaten or prey to sexual predators. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) and other agencies are launching campaigns to try to stop child labor in many African countries. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Across Africa, there are an estimated 80 million child workers, a number that could rise to 100 million by 2015. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Since the problem is closely linked to the continent's poverty, and can only be eliminated with increases in family incomes and children's educational opportunities, UNICEF, the ILO and other groups are focusing initially on the "worst forms" of child labor. These include forced labour and slavery, prostitution, employment in the drug trade and other criminal activities, and occupations that are especially dangerous to children's health and security. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Many government agencies are trying to track down child traffickers, because trafficking tears children away from the protection of their famalies.The trafficking of children for commercial sexual exploitation was also reported. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Trafficked children, the study found, were working between 10 and 20 hours a day, carrying heavy loads and operating dangerous tools. They often lack adequate food and drink. Nigeria reported that one out of five children trafficked in that country died of illness or accidents. Others contracted sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS. Although parents were sometimes persuaded by recruiters to send their children away to earn some extra income, often neither the children nor the parents were paid. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Africa is one of the biggest countries with a poor school and education system. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(128, 128, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Most parents who send their children to work say that the children only work to make money to support the family. **


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">HIV/AIDS is a large spreading disease in many African countries, and it increases the likelihood of children being forced into exploitative labor. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[[image:http://i170.photobucket.com/albums/u253/06aug00405/childlabor22.jpg width="240" height="193" caption="childlabor22.jpg image by 06aug00405"]] ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">childlabor22.jpg image by 06aug00405 ** ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[[image:http://tbn3.google.com/images?q=tbn:gUmz4yhfUjxJyM:http://www.childinfo.org/images/childlabor_challenge_2.gif width="306" height="177" caption="external image childlabor_challenge_2.gif" link="http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.childinfo.org/images/childlabor_challenge_2.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.childinfo.org/labour.html&usg=__KLzzvFmjSppV0cuoS-cdKghjrJ4=&h=289&w=457&sz=5&hl=en&start=18&um=1&tbnid=gUmz4yhfUjxJyM:&tbnh=81&tbnw=128&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchild%2Blabor%2Bin%2Bafrica%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26um%3D1"]][[image:http://tbn2.google.com/images?q=tbn:yPn6cV4WAjNvrM:http://www.worldrevolution.org/projects/webguide/images/CatPics/ChildSoldierThailand.jpg width="197" height="130" caption="external image ChildSoldierThailand.jpg" link="http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.worldrevolution.org/projects/webguide/images/CatPics/ChildSoldierThailand.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.worldrevolution.org/guidepage/childsoldiers/literature&usg=__G2FWM-3Q9MY6ndPUn7zm6eJrAys=&h=326&w=450&sz=39&hl=en&start=19&tbnid=yPn6cV4WAjNvrM:&tbnh=92&tbnw=127&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dchild%2Blabor%2Bin%2Bafrica%26gbv%3D2%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DX"]]

<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">Latin America ** <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">In Latin America, there is an estimated 250 million child workers between the ages of 5 and 14 years old. 18 million are between the ages of 10 and 14 years old. Out of all of the children in Latin America, an estimated 26% are forced to work. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">In Colombia, an estimated 2.5 million children are forced to work to support their families. Only 60% of all the children in Colombia leave school with a primary school diploma. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">On average, child laborers work six to seven hours a day. Each day, they work about nine hours. Their wages are pitifully low and most of them receive no health or unemployment benefits. **


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Many children are found working in secret and illegal workshops. They make fireworks and other expolsives, and they expose themselves to toxic, flammable, and explosvie material. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">

[]



<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(0, 128, 128); font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace;">Asia ** <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; color: rgb(0, 128, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">There are about 250 million economically active children (individuals below 18 years old) worldwide.Sixty one percent or roughly 153 million of these workers are in Asia. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; color: rgb(0, 128, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Children in Asia begin their work as young as seven years old. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; color: rgb(0, 128, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Exploitation of children in commercial sex trade remains the worst form of child labor in our region. UNICEF estimates that about one million children are lured or forced into the sex trade in Asia every year. Many children were introduced to the work by people who have known them their entire lives. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; color: rgb(0, 128, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Trafficking of children is also a large problem.Trafficking of both children and adults feeds largely on the desire of poor families and many young people for economic and personal advancement through migration for work.Trafficking routes are found within countries, from rural to urban centers or to areas with large demand for unskilled labor, and across borders, usually from less developed to developing countries. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; color: rgb(0, 128, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Also referred to as child servitude and child debt bondage, bonded child labor exists in Asia. It is closely linked to trafficking of children, and more extensively rooted in socio-cultural and political structures in parts of South Asia. In many cases, bonded children are delivered in repayment of a loan or other favors given in advance, real or imaginary, usually to the parents or the guardians of the child. Children work like slaves in the process, never knowing when their debt will finally be considered paid.Bonded child labor in South Asia is found in domestic work and in agricultural, brick making, glass, leather tanning, gem polishing, and many other manufacturing and marketing industries. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; color: rgb(0, 128, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Household child domestic workers exist in Asia, whrere children go to work in middle to upper class homes in very unhealthy and unsanitary working conditions. They are remained hidden. **

<span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; color: rgb(0, 128, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Internal armed conflicts in several Asian countries expose more children to armed groups and increase the probability of their forced recruitment as combatants. Children are not only sent to the front lines, they are also used as spies, porters, helpers in camps, and are often subjected to abusive treatment. **


 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">A number of children's organizations have become effective change agents in their communities and countries across the region. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">[[image:http://www.hurights.or.jp/asia-pacific/no_25/images/children.jpg width="220" height="352" align="bottom" caption="external image children.jpg"]]

<span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif;"> <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">__<span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">Status of women __

ASIA: **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The Chinese Constitution and laws provide for the equal rights of women, and a network of women's groups advocate to protect women's rights. Such groups focus on providing education, protection, and legal assistance to women. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The Labor Insurance Regulations provide for the retirement of women at a younger age than men. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The National People's Congress (NPC) enacted the Law on the Protection of Women's Rights and Interests (LPWRI) in 1992 to "protect women's lawful rights and interests, and promote equality between men and women. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">A number of independent women's governtment oraganizations have existed since the early 1990s and a new women's movement seems to be growing. **

> > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > > ** <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The status of Japanese women in society has changed during the 20th Century. No longer are they just housewives and mothers; they are business women, politicians, and contributors to society. [[image:http://cache3.asset-cache.net/xc/83373827.jpg?v=1&c=NewsMaker&k=2&d=DE405CC36991B8BA4FA4E51C9E19017FE30A760B0D811297 align="center"]]

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The majority of all Japanese woman still derive their basic satisfaction in life from the power they get in raising a family. But, for many, such a life is not enough. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">younger women who have been to college aspirations for significant achievement outside the home are increasingly common. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">More and more Japanese women hold jobs every year; an estimated 50-60% of all women over the age of 15 work outside the home. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%; color: rgb(0, 0, 128);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">South Korean women are largely well-educated, engaged in the economy, and blessed with optimal health services. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">The Middle East: **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Korean feminist groups were mostly established in the 1980s, with legislation on domestic violence and women’s development beginning in the 1990s and continuing today. **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The traditional way of recording family in South Korea called "hoju" has been abbolished, leaving women with more power in the family. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Women enjoy political and social rights in many Muslim countries, although still suffer in others. **
 * <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">[] **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Egypt has recently granted women the right to divorce their husbands. **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">In Tunisia, abortion is legal, and polygamy is prohibited. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(173, 0, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Women have served as ministers in the Syrian, Jordanian, Egyptian, Iraqi, and Tunisian governments, and as Vice President in Iran. **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The top position in government, according to strict Islamic laws, is denied to women based on a dubious Hadith (collections of sayings and deeds attributed to Muhammad). **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The top position in government, according to strict Islamic laws, is denied to women based on a dubious Hadith (collections of sayings and deeds attributed to Muhammad). **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">According to the Interparlia-mentary Union, the political representation of women in parliaments in Arab nations lags behind all other countries of the world, and Kuwait has yet to grant women the right to vote. **

<span style="font-size: 130%; color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">Latin America:

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">In Latin America the roles and activities of women have expanded greatly in the last decade. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Recent constitutional laws and civil, family, and labor codes have given women greater rights in marriage, divorce, family realations, employment, and property. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">In Latin America, Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Nicaragua, and Peru have added such provisions. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 255, 0);">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The right of women to vote, run for elective office, and to hold public employment are essentially universal today in Latin America. **

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"><span style="font-size: 110%; color: rgb(0, 255, 0);"> <span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">A number of Latin American countries retain laws governing the marital relationship which give the husband strong control over the wife and children. **
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The implementation of laws guaranteeing the right to employment and equal pay for women workers are very important. Most of the Latin American countries incorporate these principles in their labor codes or constitutions. **