Everything+China+post-1700

==





= Treaty of Nanking  =


 * **6 million dollars for the confiscated Opium **
 * **12 million dollars for the cost of the war **
 * **3 million** **to compensate for debts**


 * ==revolt in china from 1850-1864==
 * ==1850 organized an army led by Hong Xiuquan==

established Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

 * ==tried to institute social reforms:==
 * ==separation of the sexes==
 * ==prohibiting foot binding==
 * ==ending private trade==
 * ==replacing Buddhism &Confucianism with a form of Christianity==
 * ==Taiping areas constantly bothered by Qing army==
 * ==Estimated 20-30 million people died==
 * ==1853-City of Nanjing captured and declared capital==



** -Countries took advantage of China’s unresolved internal issues and attacked -brought their influence **
=** and economic control along with **= =** them **=

 = **__Dowager Empress Cixi__ ** =   =__Open Door Policy__ = = = media type="youtube" key="4uo4PUdHLTI" height="344" width="425" -The Open Door Policy was made to give any country the rights to set trade in china, but China could not become a colony -This was effective but the country was subjected to foreign rule -High economic tensions rose -The European countries took advantage of the Chinese - Opium War (1839-1842) was a resulted in this because British were selling illegal opium to china's people -The Open Door Policy Failed due to the fact that China became industrialized by all of the foreign influences in China -Boxer Rebellion **__Guangxu__**   =__**Boxer Rebellion **__= media type="youtube" key="RHjJfX9taF4" height="344" width="425" • Finally the Boxer Rebellion happened because of foreigners • poor peasants and merchants wanted the privileges that foreigners had • Chinese made a secret group called the Society of Righteous and Harmonioust Fists or the Boxers • Spring 1900- Boxers marched to Beijing and surrounded the city •Boxers went to kill foreigners, Chinese Christians, and missionaries • They kept the city under siege for several months • August: a multinational army of 19,000 troops and defeated the boxers •China had to pay taxes for the Western Nations sending troops--$1million per country •This greatly weakened the Qin Dynasty which lead to the 1911 Revolution against them lead by the nationalist group called the Kuomintang =<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="display: block; font-size: 190%; color: rgb(1,1,162); font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; font-size: 190%; color: rgb(1,1,162); font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif; text-align: center;">__Dowager Empress__ <span style="display: block; font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> = =<span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> = <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="display: block; font-size: 168%; color: rgb(243,27,27); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;"> • 1905 Dowager Empress sent officials to check out other types of governments • 1906 they suggested change in the structure of government • Reforms started…but were not effective when internal and external problems flourished <span style="font-size: 168%; color: rgb(243,27,27); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="display: block; font-size: 336%; color: rgb(1,1,162); font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-align: center;">__**Sun Yixian**__ <span style="font-size: 168%; color: rgb(243,27,27); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> • Sun Yixian leader of the Nationalist Party • In 1911 overthrew the Qing Dynasty which was in power since 1644 • 1912 Sun Yixian became first President of China’s republic <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">•Kuomintang was Yixian's official party <span style="font-size: 168%; color: rgb(243,27,27); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">• 1916 civil war broke out, territories were owned by military leaders and war lords <span style="font-size: 140%; color: rgb(243,27,27); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">•Sun Yixian was fighting a civil war and a war against Japan •This greatly weakened the Nationalist party's army •He succeeded his power to Yuan Shikai who lasted for about 3 months •After this he tried to revive the monarchy with him being "The Great Emperor of China" =<span style="font-size: 200%; color: rgb(254,6,6);">__Mao Zedong raises a communist nation__ =
 * <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The Empress Dowager Cixi had reigns of power from 1862-1908,
 * <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">she believed in traditional style of rule
 * <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Created reforms such as improving education and setting up factories to build steam powered boats, ammunition and rifles.
 * <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Empress Dowager was in power of China from 1861-1908
 * <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Guangxu was a young emperor who brought an idea of modernizing China (February 25, 1875- November 14, 1908)
 * <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">The ideas of modernizing did not work out and frustration was built in the eyes of the Chinese people.
 * <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">He initiated the Hundred Days Reform
 * <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Hundred Days Reform-104 day national cultural, political, and educational reform movement from June 11-September 21, 1898
 * <span style="font-size: 150%; color: rgb(254,6,6); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">Hundred Day Reform was a failure

[[image:longmarc.gif width="293" height="271" align="right" caption="The Long March"]]
<span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(254,6,6);">__-Long march__ <span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(0,10,209);">- Group of chinese communists led by Mao Zedong that traveled 6000 miles across china to rise a communist regime. -Led to civil war in china during 1930’s. Led to an easy take over for the japanese and the rape of Nanking.

<span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(0,10,209); line-height: 37px;">-Mao Zedong and communists win war in 1949 and china is officially communist. -China expanded into Mongolia,Tibet and India. -Mao controlled 70 percent of farm land 10 percent of rural communities and he eventually made farmers go on collective farms. <span style="font-size: 240%; color: rgb(254,6,6);">__”The Great Leap Forward”__ <span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(0,10,209);"> - Forcing people into larger government ran collective farms. Attempted to industrialize china by making people move from their rural areas to a more urban setting to fuel industrialization. Another plan was to encourage increasing the population of china which he later figured out would hurt china because the more people in a communist government the more responsibility the government has to take care of those people. -This was a great leap backwards because it made people not want to work as hard when they can not work for themselves or work where they want to work.. <span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(254,6,6);">__-Cultural revolution__ <span style="font-size: 171%; color: rgb(0,10,209);">- Goal was to make all peasants and workers equal under the same social structure. <span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(0,10,209);"> <span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(0,10,209);">-New power named Zhou Enlai became worried of losing communist support so in an effort to raise the economy he opened his doors to the US during Nixon's term -1979 the chinese and US established diplomatic relationships <span style="font-size: 231%; color: rgb(254,6,6);">"__Deng Xiaoping__" <span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(0,10,209);"> media type="youtube" key="XJBnHMpHGRY" height="344" width="425" <span style="font-size: 230%; color: rgb(254,6,6);">-"__Massacre at Tiananmen Square"__ <span style="font-size: 171%; color: rgb(0,10,209);">- People mostly were protesting out against the communist party and Deng Xiaoping himself. So Deng Xiaoping sent in the army ordering break the protest up no matter the cost <span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(0,10,209);"> -Almost all the people leave besides 5000 brave people. Here they revealed the statue called “Goddess of Democracy” -The army fired into the crowd and killed almost 1000 students -No one ever spoke out against the communist government ever again <span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(0,10,209);">-Deng Xiaoping finally died in 1997 after stepping out of the spotlight in 1995 and communist party general secretary Jiang Zemin took control of the presidency -Zemin resigns in 2002 and gives up the presidency to his successor Hu Jintao. He also believes in a semi free market like Jiang. <span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(0,10,209);">-Hong Kong was finally released from colonial rule under England in 1997 and the Chinese promised to let them continue their free market ways for at least 50 years. <span style="font-size: 170%; color: rgb(0,10,209);">-China is attempting to show the world they are changing but slowly. An example of this was a successful summer olympics in Beijing in 2008.