Everything+Europe

 

=Europe as the second-smallest continent ,is a connection of peninsula of eurasian land mass.it's bordered on the north by the Barents Sea, west by the Atlantic Ocean, and south by the Mediterranean Sea=


- Greece has more than 15,000 kilometres of coastline and a land boundary of 1,160 kilometres. -About 80% of Greece consists of mountains or hills -About 50% of Greek land is covered by forests __economy:__ ** -had an aristocracy based on ownership of large estates - many farmers were independent, owning their plots of land - the Greek economy evolved, particularly as trade rose and cities grew. **
 * Ancient greece **
 * __geography:__ ****-it consisted mainly of a mountainous peninsula jutting out into Mediterranean sea . **
 * - numerous islands (around 3,000),
 *  -depended clearly on farming,

-created masterpieces that have inspired, influenced, and challenged readers to the present day. -greek language was derived from the Phoenician alphabet -They developed three architectural systems, called orders, each with their own distinctive proportions and detailing. The Greek orders are: Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian - [|Sculpture] includes small figurines and life-size statues, but also relief sculptures which were on the sides of buildings, and also tombstones **
 * __litterature and art/archictecture__ **
 * :-created literature such as poetry, tragedy, comedy, and history,



Religion:- -Encompasses the collection of beliefs and rituals practiced in [|ancient Greece] in the form of both popular public religion and [|cult practices]. -Different groups varied enough so that one might speak of //Greek religions //  or "cults", though most shared similarities. -recognized the 14 major gods and goddesses -religious practices of the Greeks extended beyond mainland Greece  ~

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 * ======-a republic government ======
 * ======-3 part: executive ======
 * ======legislative ======
 * ======judicial ======
 * ======-legal code is the twelve table ; the basic of roman legal system ======
 * ======<span style="font-size: 110%; font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;">-strong army: all citizens who owed a land required to serve on their army ======


 * -mostly trade
 * -a lot natural resources such as fruits
 * -paid taxes on food and others things

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**<span style="color: rgb(255,0,255);">Early Christianity and its rise<span style="font-weight: normal; font-size: 13px; color: rgb(0,0,0); line-height: 19px;">[|i] -it grew because : -embraced all people,men,women,poor and rich   ** ====== gave hope to powerless -offered a personal relationship with a loving god - promised eternal life after death Rise of Christianity cause : - jewish rebellion -persecution of christians <span style="font-size: 18pt; color: rgb(255,0,255);">The Fall of ROME <span style="font: 7pt 'Times New Roman'; color: black; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msobidifontsize: 18.0pt; msolist: Ignore;"> -government weakness <span style="font-size: 10pt; color: black; font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Courier New'; mso-bidi-font-size: 18.0pt; msofareastfontfamily: 'Courier New'; msobidifontsize: 18.0pt; msolist: Ignore;">- economic problem: balance of trade deficit <span style="font: 7pt/19px 'Times New Roman'; color: black;">- huge gap between rich ad poor people <span style="font: 7pt/19px 'Times New Roman'; color: black;">- breakdown of labor force <span style="font: 7pt/19px 'Times New Roman'; color: black;">- decline of Patriotism <span style="font: 7pt/19px 'Times New Roman'; color: black;">- military upheaval

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<span style="font-size: 32px; color: rgb(153,51,102); line-height: 48px; font-family: Algerian;"> <span style="display: block; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(176,50,184); font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; text-align: center;">·

<span style="font-size: 24pt; color: rgb(255,0,255);">The byzantine empire [|cture] =The decline of the empire=
 * based on justinian code
 * [|Christianity] had a strong influence on Byzantine [|art], [|music],and [|archite]
 * Constantinople was the political center of the Empire
 * after justian the emperor death ,there were street riot, religious quarrels , palca intrigues and foreign danger
 * spreading of bubonic plague
 * foreign invasion east and west of the empire
 * the division of the church into roman catholism and eastern orthodoxy

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=<span style="color: rgb(255,0,255);">THE MIDDLE AGES =

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 * dated from the [|fall of the Western Roman Empire] in
 * developed strong army
 * period in a traditional [|schematic] [|division] of [|European history] into three "ages": the [|classical civilization] of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and the [|modern period].
 * whitnessed the first sustained [|urbanization] of northern and western [|Europe].
 * crusadeswas a mojor event during the middle ages
 * [[image:webkit-fake-url://DECAAD90-A9E4-41C9-BE4D-C42A216D417D/1485women.jpg width="253" height="215" align="center" caption="1485women.jpg"]]

The Renaissance and the Age of Discovery and the New World

· The contribution of the printing press to the development of intellectual life. ·The impact of the great explorers on intellectual life.
<span style="display: block; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; text-align: center;"> **· Protestant Reformation arises as many Europeans, particularly in cities, look for new forms of piety and worship. ** <span style="display: block; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; text-align: center;">
 * ====aspects of European humanism.·European reaction to the inhabitants of newly discovered areas of the world.·Art such as paintings and sculptures portrayed individuals and nature more realistic and life like· People questioning political and structures and religious practices. ====
 * <span style="font-size: 24pt; color: rgb(255,0,255);">The Reformation **

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The Wars of Religion and The Rise of Trading Cities
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Causes and results of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century religious civil wars.
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">international politics complicated the religious civil wars.
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The importance of politics as statesm
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The most important cities and trade routes to the European economy.
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">the special qualities of art produced in trading cities.
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">The major scientific discoveries of the period.
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The Age of Absolutism and the Social Contract <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; text-align: center;">



<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif;">Causes of political weakness in France during the first sixty years of the seventeenth century.
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<span style="font-size: 24pt; color: rgb(153,51,102); font-family: Algerian;">The Enlightenment and Enlightened Despots <span style="display: block; font-size: 10pt; color: rgb(176,50,184); font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode','Lucida Grande',sans-serif; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; font-size: 13pt; color: rgb(171,54,183); font-family: LucidaGrande; text-align: center;">-The relationship between warfare and economic growt-The rise of major European powers..
 * <span style="display: block; font-size: 13pt; color: rgb(171,54,183); font-family: LucidaGrande; text-align: center;">-philosophers argue that the dignity of man can best be raised through practical knowledge and reform

-The rococo style was a reaction against the more ponderous style of Louis XIV.

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