Global+Problems+-+Terrorism

 By: Will Dinnerman, Graham Mentis, Marcus Geringswald and Jared Gosule 



Terrorism is defined as the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political or nationalistic aims.

It has had a huge effect on many countries and millions of people.

The most prominent demonstration of terriorist actions on the United States occurred on September 11, 2001 when three aircrafts were overtaken and crashed.

Two of the planes went into each of the twin towers in New York City and the other crashed into a field in Pennsylvania.

These actions brought the problem of Terrorism into the eyes of Americans.

It was a “wake-up call” showing that things like this could really happen.

Acts of terrorism can come in many forms ranging from small car bombs to huge acts such as crashing planes into buildings.

Terrorism begins with hate.

Extremists in many countries may be angered or envy the governments of other countries.

They feel as though they need to show their opinion by killing and causing massive destruction and fear.

The goal is to instill fear in other countries and show the dominance of whatever the terrorists believe in.

Terrorism has been practiced by an array of political organizations for furthering their objectives and or goals.

It has been practiced by both right-wing and left-wing political parties, nationalistic groups, religious groups, revolutionaries, and ruling governments.



-**There are multiple tactics used in modern terrorism**media type="youtube" key="zr1pwZXf65w" height="344" width="425" ===-One of the most infamous tactics was the only one of its kind to occur, where regular passenger planes are essentially used as missles and are aimed at buildings as shown in the picture and video above on 9-11===

-Another tactic used by terrorists is the planting of bombs inside of planes, trains, etc.
=== -One more example of a terrorist tactic is suicide bombings. These are the most common type of terrorist acts and they are===

-Also caused by "misinterpritation" of holy books such as the Qur'an


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-Bombings have killed more innocent Palestinians than Hamas suicide bombings
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 * **1980- Abimael Guzman (pictured above after capture) founded the Shining Path**
 * **Purpose to carry out armed takeover of the government**
 * **Wanted control for himself**
 * **Started in Ayacucho where Guzman taught philosophy**
 * **Followers were senderistas **

__Violence by the Shining Path__ >
 * **reguarded as a terrorist organization by Peru, Canada, and the US**
 * **1980- Started violence by burning ballots in elections**
 * **Grew in populatity in the Andean areas**
 * **killed unpopular people like wealthy landowners**
 * **Government falied to act quickly**
 * **Military given power to do anything in order to capture Shining Path members**
 * **Rape and torture of innocent peasants suspected of being involved**
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**military wore black ski masks to hide identity for safety**
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">** Rondas - civilian death squads that went looking to kill Shining Path members**
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">** Lucanamarca Massacre - Leaders and troops entered towns and killed 69 people in retaliation.**
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Killed 49 peasants including 14 children younger than fourteen.**
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**1983-Attacks on Lima including attacking electric transmission towers to create blackouts.**
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">** Industrial plant set on fire (below) and bomb set off in governing body house.**
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**1985-caused another blackout and set off car bombs near the government and justice houses.**
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**1992- set off a powerful bomb in the Miraflores district killing 2 and injuring 155.**

<span style="display: block; font-size: 130%; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; font-size: 130%; color: #ffa900; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;"> __**Collapse and Resurgence of the Shining Path**__ <span style="display: block; color: #ffa900; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**assassinated many political targets including other leftist group leaders**
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**had armed conflicts with the <span style="font-size: 120%; color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Moverment **<span style="font-size: 120%; color: #0000ff; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; color: #000000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**brutal tactics on captured enemies**
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**disreguard for human rights on victims**
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**government inefficiency and killing of innocent people gave some support to the Shining Path**
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**1980-2000 - a commission on the Shining Path found 69,280 people were killed during the fighting**
 * <span style="font-size: 120%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**at least half died from the Shining Path and one third by the government troops.**



<span style="display: block; font-size: 140%; color: #000080; font-family: 'Lucida Sans Unicode', 'Lucida Grande', sans-serif; text-align: center;"> <span style="display: block; font-size: 140%; color: #13c938; font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; text-align: center;">
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**1992 Oscar Ramirez (pictured above) takes control of the Shining Path till he was captured in 1999.**
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Resurgence in the 21st century.**
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #ff9200; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**2008- took 68 hostages from an Argentinian gas company Techint for ransom**
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; color: #ff9200; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**two days later they left, but money ($200,000) was rumored to have changed hands**
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**2006 - troops were sent in to Shining Path areas to stop the escalating violence.**
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Membership was up to 300 people**
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**2006 - they attacked a military convoy killing 12 soliders and 2 civilians.**
 * <span style="font-size: 130%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**2009 - their violence continued as they killed 13 government soliders.**

<span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"> <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">In between 1988 and 1990, this <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msofareastlanguage: EN-US; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;">Sunni Islamic extremist group was founded <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msofareastlanguage: EN-US; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;">. <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"> <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">Al-Qaedas origins have been traced back to the soviet war in Afghanistan, when foreign Arab Mujahedeen (Afghan Arabs) joined the Jihad against the Afghan Marxist regime. <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"> <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">

Al-Qaeda has attacked military and civilian targets in various countries.

<span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"> <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Al-Qaeda's techniques include suicide attacks and simultaneous bombings of different targets. <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msofareastlanguage: EN-US; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;">All members must take a pledge of loyalty to Osama <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msofareastlanguage: EN-US; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;"> Bin Laden <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">

<span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> Al-Qaeda's objectives include ending foreign influence in Muslim countries and the creation of a new Islamic caliphate (which represents political leadership of the Muslim community)

<span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">
 * //__1992-__//** Al-Qaeda's first attack. On December 29th, two bombs were detonated in Aden, Yemen, at the Movenpick hotel and the parking lot of Goldmohur Hotel. [[image:http://www.thewe.cc/thewei/images2/palestine_2004/destroyed_building.jpe width="321" height="263" align="left"]]

<span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">This attack was meant to eliminate American soldiers going to Somalia to take part in a famine relief effort. However, no Americans were killed

<span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;"> __//**1993-**//__ Al-Qaeda member Ramzi Yousef used a truck bomb on the world trade center. The towers merely shook instead of falling, and resulted in only 6 deaths (but 1,042 injuries). <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', Times, serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">

<span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">After his capture Ramzi declared that this attack was not for religious purposes but because the U.S supported the Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories

__//**1998-**//__ Al-Qaeda attacked the U.S embassy building in east africa, resulting in over 300 deaths.

<span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'mso-ansi-language;">

__//**2000-**//__ Al-Qaeda bombed the destroyer U.S.S Cole killing 17 U.S servicemen



<span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msofareastlanguage: EN-US; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;">The most well known Al-Quaeda attack occurred on 9/11/2001, and was the most devastating terrorist attack in U.S history. Two airplanes were flown into the world trade center towers, one into the pentagon, and another plane was intended to crash into the U.S capitol but crashed somewhere in Pennsylvania. <span style="font-size: 13pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msofareastlanguage: EN-US; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msofareastlanguage: EN-US; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;"> <span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msofareastlanguage: EN-US; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;">The attacks were lead by 19 terrorists, including Mohammed Atta, Bin Laden, Ayman Al-Zawahili, Khalid Shaikh, and Hambali <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; msofareastfontfamily: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; msoansilanguage: EN-US; msofareastlanguage: EN-US; msobidilanguage: AR-SA;">

<span style="font-size: 15pt; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">2974 people died in these attacks initially, but many health problems from people in the area emerged due to the inhaling of harmful particles that came from the debris. media type="youtube" key="4q5nE-k0tUQ" height="344" width="425"






 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Formed in 1969 as the armed wing of Sinn Fein. **
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Opposed British presence in Northern Ireland and wanted one unified Ireland**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Opperated in Northern Ireland, the Irish Republic, Great Britain, and the rest of Europe **
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Comprised of sereral hundred members and many thousand sympathizers.**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Recieved aid and weapons training from other terrorist groups and sympathizers in the US, Libya, etc.**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Comitted bombings, robberies, assassinations, kidnappings, extortion, and smugglings.**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**1997- a cease-fire led to Ira attacks halting**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">** 1998- Belfast Agreement reached and the IRA was supposed to disarm.**


 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Took place on April 24, 1916.**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Only 2000 volunteers showed up**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**16,000 British troops, a naval boat, and artillery subdued the rising.**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; color: #d42b2b; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Seized the General Post Office and riased a green flag having "Irish Republic" written on it.**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; color: #d42b2b; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**public blamed the destruction on the IRA**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**people spat and threw stones at captured leaders**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Sinn Fein was taken over by IRA members and turned into a party for their will.**

__**IRA and Independence**__

<span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> <span style="font-size: 150%; font-family: 'Arial Black', Gadget, sans-serif;"> <span style="display: block; font-size: 200%; color: #008080; font-family: Georgia, serif; text-align: center;"> __**IRA Split and Current IRA (1969-Present)**__ media type="youtube" key="p6Dh_5ZniTU" height="340" width="560"
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Guerilla warfare against British forces in Ireland.**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**attacked police barracks**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**atacked outside of cities in bands of 20 to ambush British**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**killed catholics and burned homes in Belfast**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Prisoners were excuted on both sides**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">** Bloody Sunday -14 civilians were killed at a football match and 13 British men were killed in front of their families.**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">** killed many Irish people loyal to the British **
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Split over how to deal with British and catholics in Norther Ireland.**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Radicals were angred**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Thought aid was coming for the other side because US and Europe didn't want another communist government in Europe.**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**Support lessened after failing to help Northern catholics against a loyalist attack**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**July 1970- Official IRA had a three day gun battle with 3,000 troops.**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**1971- first assassination of a politican in years when a senator is murdered in his home**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**1972- bombed Aldershot- British parachute regiment headquarters**
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**1980's- engaged in criminal activity to fund its activities **
 * <span style="font-size: 140%; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">**1990's- violence has not been advocated by leaders**